Seismic Inversion of VSP Data from the Govsany Field in Azerbaijan and Depth Estimation of Key Seismic Horizons Below the Kalin Suite of the Productive Series
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2026_49_72173Keywords:
Pseudo-acoustic logging inversion, Abnormally high formation pressure, Depth-time relationshipAbstract
This study presents an analysis of Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) data and Pseudo-Acoustic Logging (PAL) inversion for well H1856 in the Govsany hydrocarbon field on the Absheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan. The study focuses on the analysis and prediction of seismic velocities below the well bottom in order to establish a reliable depth–time relationship, enabling the prediction of the depths of key seismic reflecting horizons located beneath the Kalin Suite, the main productive formation of the field. Multicomponent VSP observations demonstrated good data quality and showed a strong correlation with acoustic logging results, which allowed the construction of stable one-dimensional and two-dimensional velocity models for characterizing the acoustic properties of the subsurface section. PAL inversion, performed within the dominant frequency range of 5–70 Hz, produced stable velocity profiles that indicate a noticeable decrease in velocities below the well bottom. The resulting depth–time model enabled the prediction of the depths of major reflecting horizons and served as a basis for drilling the deep production well 1870. As a result, productive reservoirs were encountered within a zone of abnormal high formation pressure (AHPZ) with production rates of approximately 100 tons per day. The well was operated for a certain period and was later abandoned for technical reasons. The study demonstrates the usefulness of integrating VSP data with acoustic logging for improving seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization. It also discusses the limitations of conventional inversion approaches when applied to deviated wells such as H1856 and the associated uncertainties. For future seismic acquisition, the use of vibrational sources is recommended because they provide a more stable frequency spectrum at different depths and improved resolution compared to impulsive sources such as airguns. Overall, the study provides insights into seismic velocity modeling and depth prediction of reflecting horizons in complex geological settings, which may support improved well placement and resource development strategies.
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