Antipositivismo e pensamento expansivo na história e filosofia das ciências de Hélène Metzger
Keywords:
Metzger, Positivismo, Pensamento expansivo, Analogia Atuante, Positivism, History of science, Expansive thinking, Active Analogy, História da CiênciaAbstract
Resumo: Esse trabalho tem como objetivo geral evidenciar que a argumentação de Hélène Metzger sobre o caráter explicativo da história das ciências passa, necessariamente, pela negação da perspectiva dos positivistas lógicos. Segundo a filósofa, a história das ciências não se resume em um acúmulo de fatos objetivos que narram uma sequência de teorias científicas que paulatinamente foram sendo substituídas, mas também apresenta elementos subjetivos e irracionais inerentes à mente humana e, assim, a história das ciências é, acima de tudo, um meio de compreender as tendências fundamentais da mente que aparecem em todas descobertas científicas. Portanto, procuramos analisar o pensamento de Metzger no que diz respeito aos processos universais da mente humana, os a priori, que são encontrados justamente no âmbito que é negligenciado pelos proponentes do Círculo de Viena: o contexto de descoberta, em que o pensamento está em formação, possuindo características intuitivas, criativas e irracionais.
Palavras-chave: História da ciência, Metzger, Positivismo, Pensamento expansivo, Analogia Atuante.
Abstract: This work has as its general objective showing that Hélène Metzger's argument about the explanatory character of the history of sciences necessarily passes through the negation of the perspective of logical positivists. According to the philosopher, the history of the sciences is not limited to an accumulation of objective facts that narrate a sequence of scientific theories that have gradually been replaced, but it also presents subjective and irrational elements that are inherent to the human mind and, therefore, history of sciences is, above all, a means of understanding the fundamental tendencies of the mind that appear in all scientific discoveries. Therefore, we seek to analyze Metzger’s thinking with regard to the universal processes of the human mind, the a priori, which are found precisely in the context that is neglected by the proponents of the Vienna Circle: the context of discovery, in which the thought is in formation, possessing intuitive, creative and irrational characteristics.
Key-words: History of science, Metzger, Positivism, Expansive thinking, Active Analogy.
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